Cartography of the Senegalese killed overseas during 2015

Cartography of the Senegalese killed overseas during 2015

Mame Demba THIAM, Nicolas SAGNA & Alla  MANGA

Laboratory of geography

Fondamental Institute of Black Africa

Cheikh Anta Diop university

Link : French version : http://arcg.is/2jSZAyg
http://www.arcgis.com/home/search.html?q=s%C3%A9n%C3%A9galais&t=content

Introduction

« Once again, a Senegalese is killed overseas » has been in 2015 a constant headline displayed by the online journals. One thing that can be noted is the kind of trivialization of the repetitive character of the information. However the gravity could only be appreciated on a scale of space and time offered by a synoptic view. Indeed, that sensitive information which is subject of a mapping chronic Linked to space by a dynamic process relies on a powerful mapping information system. We can see the places where there has been victims of murder, assassination, or other kind of violence which end by a sudden death.

ELEMENTS OF METHODOLOGY

Each point on the map leads to an information allowing to identify a place, the victim and the circumstances, as stated by the sources mentioned in hyperlink with the possibility to automatically access the complete article.

To obtain such a dynamic map which can also be qualified as websig, the listed areas are converted in spatial data of point type, including geographical coordinates (x,y) of the place. The obtained points are projected on a worldwide coordinate system but not local, which allow to visualize on a planisphere with a shapefile format.

The coordinates are obtained via the website www.twcc.fr.  The website allows to search a locality in the database by using its name. As a result, a position and coordinates in different format (degrees or meters) are obtained and collected using a basic “copy and paste.” The website also allows to position one or many localities through their coordinates.

The information about Senegalese who died overseas in 2015, whether it was a voluntary murder or not or an accident, is received via our email (Gmail) thanks to the Google mail alert system.

The information are first of all entered on an Excel table with different fields (name of the victim, causes, identity of the victim(s), date, town, country, age, remarks, sources). Next, the information are linked to the spatial data of the correspondent localities using the mapping information system by a juncture manipulation. Each point thus takes back in its attributed table the information contained in the Excel table.

This operation allows to strengthen the spatial information of the concerned localities, leading to a dynamic cartography. This kind of representation of the information gives to the user, by a click or by skimming from one point on the map, to open a window which displays the details, likewise the user has the ability to manipulate different displaying options (legends, research, impression, map background) according to the restrictions.

To create this kind of map, there are many ways (ArcGIS Server, ArcGIS Online, OpenGeo suite, GeoServer). In this case, we’ve used the performances of ArcGIS Online allowing to transmit maps and related geographic information on the internet and to share them with the users. It’s about a geographic information management system through which the content can be shared and integrated with various applications and websites of final users. They can connect to maps and applications to use the shared and managed content in the cloud ArcGIS Online and on own systems. The reasons why we have chosen this platform are listed below:

FREE: The fact of disposing of a user account (without charges) offers a wide range of free applications and the disposal of a virtual server SIG, which spares of the constraints acquisition and management of a server.

EASE:

The application is simple of use and doesn’t require deep knowledge of computer science to post online spatial information. Having basics is enough to start using ArcGIS Online. However, the easiness doesn’t take away the possibility of use in advanced mode to set up more sophisticated applications.

FASTNESS:

In addition to the advantages, ArcGIS Online offers the ability to publish and share spatial information just with some clicks. The establishment and publication of an application is quickly done, of course with a good internet connection.

Corpus:

The statistics were compiled using various sources, including those found in the online press or elsewhere. The result is available at Sénégalais tués à l'étranger (2015).

RESULTS:

The map is an object which allows a rich and visual appreciation. The signs and colors of the language employed allows to  focus on the result of an analysis of an object that can be generalized as violence and its extreme manifestation leading to death. Consequently, the map opens wide perspectives of research. The data and results returned in this way can guide preventive and precautionary attitudes that control the behavior of Senegalese who are overseas.

Discussion:

In seeking to establish an appraisal and expanding sources, particularly to state and consular services, the foundation for inventory work can be more easily established. Also, based on this preliminary work of mapping the 2015 year taken as a landmark, the prospective analysis can guide a discussion as a way of warning to mark deterrence for those exposed and those who may have responsibility for their protection.

Hypertext links and glossary

ArcGIS Server: http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisserver

ArcGis online: https://www.arcgis.com/home/

OpenGeo suite: http://boundlessgeo.com/products/opengeo-suite/

GeoServer : http://geoserver.org/

Universel Transverse Mercator (UTM)

Datum global : Données de référence géodésique

World Geodetic System 1984 ou (WGS 84) : Système géodésique mondial 1984

Shapefile : https://doc.arcgis.com/fr/arcgis-online/reference/shapefiles.htm

SIG : Système d’Information Géographique

www.twcc.fr. : Système mondial de conversion de coordonnées géographiques

Hypertexte ou hyperlien : lien qui permet d’accéder automatiquement à un site internet

Websig : Système d’Information Géographique, système collaboratif disponible à partir d’Internet

Références bibliographiques

http://doc.arcgis.com/fr/arcgis-online/ Références et liens

http://georezo.net/

http://www.arcorama.fr/search/label/ArcGIS%20Online?max-results=7

http://www.forumsig.org/

See Interactive map accessible with this link: Sénégalais tués à l’étranger en 2015

N°	Country	Town	Causes	Type	Victimes	Date	Age	Sources
1	Algeria	Ouargla	Accident	Fire	Serigne Mbacké Camara, Salif Kâ, Khadim Diané	27 November	31, 33	http://www.senenews.com
2	Ivory Coast	Treichville	Assassination	Beatings and / or firearms	Souleymane Diallo	19 August		http://www.senenews.com
3	Spain	Saragosse	police blunder	fatal fall	Mor Sylla	August	35	http://www.senenews.com
4	Spain	Cadis	Drowning	Road accident...	Lamine Sylla	19 september	53	http://www.pressafrik.com
5	USA	Manhattan	Assassination	Firearm	Moctar Sy	28 january	38	http://www.dakaractu.com
6	USA	Houston	Undetermined	undetermined	Penda Sarr	April	25	http://www.pressafrik.com
7	USA	Louiseville	Assassination	cold steel	Rassoul Hann	1 october		http://www.seneweb.com
8	USA	Columbus	Assassination	Firearm	Samba Dia	26 october	24	http://www.seneweb.com
9	France	Paris	Police blunder	beatings	Amadou Koumé	05 to  06 march	33	http://www.senenews.com
10	France	Paris	Assassination	Aggression	Aminata Dia	09September	34	http://www.dakaractu.com
11	France	Paris	Assassination	Cold steel	Lamine Senghor	15 September		http://www.senenews.com
12	France	Paris	Assassination	Fire	4 members of Tandian family	September		http://www.lequotidien.sn
13	Gabon	Libreville	Police blunder	Beatings	Moustapha Kébé	15-July	30	http://www.senenews.com
14	Grece	Thisseio	Police blunder	Electrocution? fatal fall on the railway	Cheikh Ndiaye	19 August	37	http://www.senenews.com
15	Italy	Casal Borseti	Assassination	Firearm	Mor Sèye	11 September		http://www.senenews.com
16	Italy	Lampedusa	drowning	Shipwreck / Immigration		13 February		http://carrapide.com
17	Italy	Bergame	Assassination	Cold steel	Pape Amadou Diouf	01 november		http://www.senenews.com
18	Maroc	Casablanca	Undetermined	Fire	Adja Arame et Sophie Guèye, Seynabou Ndoye	07 April		http://www.senenews.com
19	Mauritania	Nouakchott	Accident	Road accident	Khadim Diop	5 August		http://www.pressafrik.com
20	Mediterranean		drowning	Shipwreck/immigration		24 August		http://www.pressafrik.com
21	Mediterranean		drowning	Shipwreck/immigration		25 April		http://xibaaru.com
22	Mediterranean		Drowning	Shipwreck/immigration	Alassane Fall	05 May	34	http://diasporaenligne.net
23	Nigeria	Kaduna	Police blunder	firearm	Oumar Ndiaye	20 October		http://www.leuksenegal.com
24	Syria		Undetermined	Military / War	Omar Diaby "Omar Omsen"	9 August	40	https://www.facebook.com
25	Mali	Bamako	Assassination	Military / War	Assane Sall	20 November		http://www.seneplus.com
26	France	Renne	Assassination	firearm	Babacar Gueye	03 Décembre	ans	http://www.letelegramme.fr
27	Equatorial Guinea	Malabo	Police blunder	undetermined	El Hadj Mbaye	07 Décembre		http://senego.com
28	Mauritania	Nouakchott	Accident	Fire		30 décembre	10 ans	http://cridem.org
29	Italy	Syracuse	undetermined	undetermined		31 décembre		http://xalimasn.com
30	Italy	Naples	Undetermined	undetermined		31 décembre		http://xalimasn.com